Mausoleum of the First Qin
Emperor (1987)
(Terracotta Warriors)
China
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No doubt thousands of statues still remain to be unearthed at this archaeological site, which was not discovered until 1974. Qin (d. 210 B.C.), the first unifier of China, is buried, surrounded by the famous terracotta warriors, at the centre of a complex designed to mirror the urban plan of the capital, Xianyan. The small figures are all different; with their horses, chariots and weapons, they are masterpieces of realism and also of great historical interest.
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One of the most stunning examples of Martial Arts of China is the finding of the Terracotta Army, a collection of over 6,000 life-size terracotta statues of soldiers and horses, discovered in March 1974 at Qin, near the modern city of Xi’an (that was the former Chang'an ("Eternal Peace"), previously the ancient capital of the Qin Dynasty), in China.
Farmers drilling a well found a subterranean chamber containing terracotta statues. Further investigation subsequently revealed the amazing scale of the discovery. The figures, facing east, ready for battle, were individually modelled, probably as portraits of real people, and they were accompanied by real chariots, bronze and leather bridles, and objects of jade and bone. Their weapons included bows, arrows, spears, and swords, many made from an unusual alloy that was still bright and sharp when found.
The tomb was built around 2,100 years ago, and the Terracotta Army is thought to be part of a funeral compound that could have covered a huge area of up to 50 sq km (19 sq mi). Ancient Chinese writings describe the building of a vast underground palace concealed under a mound to house the dead emperor. Whatever the truth of these reports the site still remains to be fully discovered. The main tomb itself is still unexcavated, but other finds already include a series of large bronzes, the earliest so far known in China, and over 70 individual burials. The Terracotta Army has been exhibited world wide.
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Each figure is about 1.8 meter tall and each face is modelled
individually with personal characteristics. When the terracotta
figures were excavated, their cheeks were still rosy, and they wore painted
uniforms. The contact with the oxygen of the air has now turned the
figures black. In the caves of the Bingmayong Museum outside Xi'an the
figures are arranged in typical formation for fight; 11 rows consisting of
officers, soldiers with spears and swords (many of these being real weapons),
and men directing horse chariots. At the occasion of the 15th
anniversary of this important archeological and historical finding China issued
the below stamps and sheet, the latter showing the horse chariots.
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In 1997 the excavation of the warriors was declared a World Cultural Heritage by the United Nations, and the below stamps were issued at this occasion.
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United Nations (Geneva) 1997. The Terracotta Warriors.
United Nations (Geneva) 1997. FDC cancelled on 19th November 1997. At the top of the page are shown the two individual stamps from this cover.
The Terracotta Army has been identified as part of the burial of Shi Huangdi, the first Qin emperor of China, who began the construction of the Great Wall, also a World Cultural Heritage property, (on this web site), around 220 BC.
Sources and links:
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Other World Heritage Sites in China (on this site). Inactive links are not described on stamps. Please refer to the UNESCO-listing, section China for further information about the individual properties.
Revised 24 jun 2007 |