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Frans Hals
c. 1580-1666
Frans Hals was a Dutch painter, one of the greatest masters of the art of portraiture, much admired for his brilliant lighting effects and the freedom of his brushwork.
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Hals was born in Antwerp, Belgium, and was probably trained by the Dutch painter Karel van Mander. He spent all of his adult life in Haarlem, finding patronage with the wealthy middle-class merchants and burghers of his time. Throughout his life he received important commissions for group portraits of the officers and corporations of Haarlem; towards the end of his life he was granted a small pension by the city. He died on September 1, 1666, in what is now the Frans Hals Museum in Haarlem.
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1937 was the tercentennial of Descartes' writing of "Discours de la methode" (Discourse on method) and it was decided to issue a stamp and organize a celebration during the exhibition of 1937.
| The stamp designer
put on the stamp "Discours sur la methode" which is also
grammatically correct in French, but is *not* the title chosen by
Descartes. As this was discovered just before the anticipated date of
release (May 24), there was a high risk that some faulty stamps would
not be recovered. In order to discourage speculation, it was decided
to print about the same numbers of both stamps (4.4 millons for the
faulty one and 5 millions for the correct one). The latter was issued
on June 10.
Detail of the original painting
of Descartes by |
"Discours sur la Méthode"
"Discours de la Méthode", The above stamps are scanned directly from the French Yvert & Tellier Catalogue. A similar stamp was issued by France in 1996, depicting a portrait directly after the painting shown on the left. |
Most of the philatelists were interested by the faulty one so the stock is now more important and the catalogue value a little bit lower than for the correct one. (Information about the Descartes-stamp provided by Pierre Courtiade, Paris). Click here to read a short biography about Descartes, and an account of the erroneous stamp vs. the correct one. The link will open in the same window.

Postcard from Paris to Denmark, franked with the Descartes-stamp by Frans Hals, and neatly cancelled on 6th July 1937, within the natural usage period. The stamp is the "correct" one, stating "Discours de la Méthode". The front of the postcard shows a sculpture by the Soviet Sculptor, Madame Vera Mukhina, who did the monument of the Soviet Pavilion of the Exposition Internationale, Paris 1937. As an aside, Very Mukhina's birth centenary has been featured on one Soviet stamp, USSR 1989, Scott # 5781.
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Although his portraits appear spontaneous and uncalculated, Hals was an expert technician, and his studies are always skillfully composed. His talent is particularly evident in his nine group portraits of the burgher guards and corporations of Haarlem, all of which are now in the Frans Hals Museum.In these group portraits Hals demonstrates his ability to catch each man in a characteristic pose, thus giving the group an air of informality and naturalness; each individual is clearly portrayed, yet all are linked in a well-balanced pattern in line and colour.
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| In all his portraits Hals achieved
an air of complete spontaneity; his subjects give the impression of
being caught in a fleeting, but characteristic, pose and expression. The
gay mood of the early work The Laughing Cavalier (1624, Wallace
Collection, London), the subject's apparently momentary smile and
stance, demonstrate Hals's ability to attain the immediacy of a sketch
by the use of rapid, spontaneous brushstrokes.
The broad brushstroke is characteristic of his work and adds a robust and lively quality to his portraits, particularly to the genre or character pieces he painted from 1620 to 1640. One of the most famous, the portrait of the gypsy tavern girl La bohémienne (1630, Louvre, Paris) owes its gaiety and brightness to two other painting techniques Hals employed: fully illuminating the figures with direct light, and blending the brilliant colours directly on the canvas.
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As his style matured, Hals replaced
the bright colours of his earliest canvases with a more monochromatic
treatment. In his last group portrait, Regentesses of the Old Men's
Almshouse (1664, Frans Hals Museum), he limited his palette to sombre
shades of black and grey, relying on broader and more vigorous
brushstrokes to accentuate light and tonal values.
This work is considered his masterpiece, because the style lends a greater austerity and depth to the study, while simultaneously fusing the group into a natural and harmonious pattern. In this group portrait, Hals achieves a new dignity and feeling for the character of the subjects that is absent from his earlier works, yet retains a spontaneous effect by the dexterity and facility of his brushwork. |
The Netherlands 1962. "Two Guild Brothers". Detail from "Banquet of St. George Brothers". Belongs to the Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem. The stamp is a semi-postal, issued for the benefit of social and cultural welfare. Click here to see the stamp in large format. The link will open in a new window.
| This painting "The Happy
Boozer" was issued by the Arab Emirate of Sharjah in the long set
of paintings honouring the Olympic Games at Sapporo 1972.
Nothing much is known about the painting as such; it is a typical early work of Frans Hals with its bright colours and happy mood that reflects also the artist's own nature. The Gypsy Girl (far right) shows again Frans Hals' exquisite talent for portraiture, and for accentuating the small details of a human face. One could meet this young and happy woman with her smiling eyes anywhere, even today, 350 years after the artist's death.
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The two Dutch stamps on this page are the only works by Frans Hals that were issued on stamps by The Netherlands.
Sources and links:
Microsoft Encarta 2002.
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Other Baroque painters and artists on this site:
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| Revised 24-jul-2006. Ann Mette Heindorff Copyright © 1999-2007. All Rights Reserved |